As in all industries, predictive maintenance, AI, and sustainability goals are shaping the textile industry in 2024. What are some of the changes and new products that we will see this year? This article will also explore common equipment used in textile mills, reliability and maintenance advice, and safety tips for the textile workforce.
Advances in Textile Production 2024
A number of improvements to the textile industry were made all over the world last year. These inventions will allow different functionalities of textiles, better sustainability, and create opportunities for new developments in the healthcare, military, environmental, automotive, and fashion industries (among others). (Technical Textile)
3D printing – Can be used to print fabrics and create more complex designs.
Digital twin technology – A digital fabric twin is a digital reproduction of the physical fabric, so the digital twin always shows the fabric’s true color and texture.
Nanotextiles – Nanotechnology is being used to produce lighter, stronger, and more breathable fabrics.
Smart textiles are making waves in many industries, including healthcare and wellness. For example, there are nanotech fabrics in development to change color and send alerts to indicate wound infection. Check out the list from Technical Textile below of other smart textiles in development:
Washington State University: Researchers developed polyaniline, a single strand of fiber as flexible as cotton and with the electric conductivity of a polymer.
Massachusetts Institute of Technology: Developed FibeRobo, a programmable fiber that can change shape in response to changes in temperature.
National University of Singapore College of Design: Created a new method based on spiders spinning webs to produce soft, reusable fibers for smart textiles.
University of Waterloo, Canada: Developed a material that responds to heat and electricity.
University of Cambridge, UK: Created smart textiles that incorporate LEDs, sensors, energy harvesting and storage.
Aalto University, Finland + University of Cambridge: Developed a smart fabric which, like FibeRobo, changes shape with temperature fluctuations.
Sustainable textile production methods are also being expanded upon in 2024. They include waterless dyeing, using recycled materials, and biodegradable fabrics. These materials include recycled fibers made from agricultural waste and biodegradable plant-based materials. These new practices are moving the textile industry to becoming a circular economy. (SUNTECH Insights)
The use of digital twin technology also greatly reduces waste through allowing for digital design and prototyping processes with high quality, photorealistic digital fabric representations. (FibreGuard)
Textile Mill Equipment
Along with promoting innovative smart textiles and sustainability efforts, new technology makes reliability and maintenance in the textile industry easier for maintenance professionals through predictive maintenance using AI, IIoT, etc. in basic condition monitoring. Let’s take a look at a few examples of typical machinery used in textile mills and some tips on reliability and maintenance in the textile industry.
Common equipment in textile mills:
Spinning machine – Used to spin threads to make yarn, spinning machines are integral to the textile industry.
Knitting machines are used to manufacture knitted apparel. They include single jersey machine, flat bed and double jersey knitting machine. Single jersey machines have a cylinder measuring 30 inches that contains needles for producing plain fabrics. A double jersey machine contains extra needles that help in producing items that are doubly thicker than single jersey garments. Flat bed knitting equipment is versatile and helps you add parts, such as collars, v-necks and pockets to a garment. (Nicole LaMarco, Types of Machines Used in Textile Industries, smallbusiness.chron.com)
Textile mill reliability and maintenance includes basic condition monitoring and maintenance practices seen across all industries. These include cleaning, lubrication, vibration analysis – you know the drill.
Some specific tips related to the textile industry include:
Many dyeing machines contain two rollers that move the fabric back and forth as it passes through dye or washing solution. The rollers are powered by hydraulic motors with electrohydraulic controls. Electric motors drive the pumps that power the hydraulic system. The electric motors are controlled by variable frequency inverter drivers. The hydraulic pumps are controlled by electronic displacement controllers (EDCs). The EDCs contain ramp functions to prevent rollers from starting or stopping to quickly.
TIP: Integrate encoders into the rollers to provide feedback to the ECDs. Use a multimeter to test the motor’s internal windings and check conditions.
Use remote displays to check the supply voltage of drive motors on machines. Remote displays allow you to work at a safe distance from the moving machine parts and live voltage.
Check the temperature of drying drums in between fabric runs.
Use a clamp meter to assess the 4 mA to 20mA signals between electronic temperature controllers and electric-to-pneumatic pressure transducers operating steam valves.
Employee safety is always important to promote in any manufacturing industry. Let’s see what the Occupational Safety and Health Administration recommends for one of our oldest industries.
Numerous health and safety issues such as chemical exposure from processing and dyeing, exposure to cotton and other organic dusts, musculoskeletal distress, and noise exposure are common in the textile industry.
Standards that exist to minimize harm from these risks include:
In conclusion, the textile industry of 2024 is undergoing a profound transformation fueled by technological advancements, sustainability initiatives, and a heightened focus on predictive maintenance. Innovations such as 3D printing, digital textile printing, automation, AI, digital twin technology, and nanotextiles are reshaping production processes and unlocking opportunities in healthcare, military, environmental, automotive, and fashion sectors.
The rise of smart textiles demonstrates the industry’s commitment to cutting-edge solutions. Sustainability is at the forefront, with practices like waterless dyeing and the use of recycled and biodegradable materials paving the way towards a circular economy.
The integration of AI and IIoT for predictive maintenance simplifies equipment upkeep, while safety remains paramount, with adherence to occupational standards and the use of personal protective equipment ensuring the well-being of the textile workforce. In embracing these changes, the textile industry positions itself as meeting the challenges of a rapidly evolving landscape.
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Hydraulic systems must store fluid under high pressure. Three kinds of hazards exist: burns from the hot, high pressure spray of fluid; bruises, cuts or abrasions from flailing hydraulic lines; and injection of fluid into the skin. Safe hydraulic system performance requires general maintenance. Proper coupling of high and low pressure hydraulic components and pressure relief valves are important safety measures.
Hydraulic systems must store fluid under high pressure. Three kinds of hazards exist: burns from the hot, high pressure spray of fluid; bruises, cuts or abrasions from flailing hydraulic lines; and injection of fluid into the skin. Safe hydraulic system performance requires general maintenance. Proper coupling of high and low pressure hydraulic components and pressure relief valves are important safety measures.
Novozymes North America, Franklinton, North Carolina, a company with Scandinavian roots and management style won the coveted North American Maintenance Excellence Award (NAME) 2000. A reporter (Michael Lippig) recently paid Owe Forsberg, Maintenance Manager, Novozymes North America, a visit to see how this came about.
Novozymes North America, Franklinton, North Carolina, a company with Scandinavian roots and management style won the coveted North American Maintenance Excellence Award (NAME) 2000. A reporter (Michael Lippig) recently paid Owe Forsberg, Maintenance Manager, Novozymes North America, a visit to see how this came about.
When a forced layoff takes place in a unionized environment, the latest employees, in this case the apprentices were laid off; the plant had to lay off its future employees. Even sadder is that only four months after the lay offs the plant had to hire back many of the people they laid off. Many of them worked for a contractor who had contracted them to the plant after they were laid off! Soon this plant will start talking about a new improvement initiative and new management will wonder why it is so difficult to get people committed to improvement initiatives.
When a forced layoff takes place in a unionized environment, the latest employees, in this case the apprentices were laid off; the plant had to lay off its future employees. Even sadder is that only four months after the lay offs the plant had to hire back many of the people they laid off. Many of them worked for a contractor who had contracted them to the plant after they were laid off! Soon this plant will start talking about a new improvement initiative and new management will wonder why it is so difficult to get people committed to improvement initiatives.
Probably 80% of all testing. performed in electrical power systems is related to the verification of insulation quality. This Cadick Corporation Technical Bulletin briefly describes the fundamental concepts of insulation testing including – insulation behavior, types of tests, and some test procedures. For more detailed information, refer to the bibliography at the end of the paper.
Probably 80% of all testing. performed in electrical power systems is related to the verification of insulation quality. This Cadick Corporation Technical Bulletin briefly describes the fundamental concepts of insulation testing including – insulation behavior, types of tests, and some test procedures. For more detailed information, refer to the bibliography at the end of the paper.
Proper planning and control of spare parts inventory is a critical component of an effective asset management program. If the right parts are not on hand when needed for routine maintenance or repairs, downtime is prolonged. If too many parts are on hand, the enterprise absorbs excessive costs and the overhead of carrying the inventory.
Proper planning and control of spare parts inventory is a critical component of an effective asset management program. If the right parts are not on hand when needed for routine maintenance or repairs, downtime is prolonged. If too many parts are on hand, the enterprise absorbs excessive costs and the overhead of carrying the inventory.
In Total Productive Maintenance small group activities are interwoven in each other. Autonomous maintenance is one of the most important pillars of TPM. Autonomous maintenance aims to educate the participants in the concepts and philosophy of autonomous maintenance and to give m opportunity to develop their skills and confidence. Read the learn why implementing TPM to improve OEE was recommended to the plant in question.
In Total Productive Maintenance small group activities are interwoven in each other. Autonomous maintenance is one of the most important pillars of TPM. Autonomous maintenance aims to educate the participants in the concepts and philosophy of autonomous maintenance and to give m opportunity to develop their skills and confidence. Read the learn why implementing TPM to improve OEE was recommended to the plant in question.
Companies often ask if maintenance planning and scheduling will work if they have a decentralized maintenance organization. Yes, it will. In fact, they need planning and scheduling just as much as a centralized shop. Let's review why.
Companies often ask if maintenance planning and scheduling will work if they have a decentralized maintenance organization. Yes, it will. In fact, they need planning and scheduling just as much as a centralized shop. Let's review why.
Why us, why now? In years past, the engineer, manager or superintendent was responsible for improvement ideas. Maintenance people were "hands" hired to do what they were told. Today, organizations are lean and mean; we need the capabilities of all maintainers. The downsizing craze, however, has left everyone in a managerial role with too many tasks and too little time. There's no one left to cut costs!
Why us, why now? In years past, the engineer, manager or superintendent was responsible for improvement ideas. Maintenance people were "hands" hired to do what they were told. Today, organizations are lean and mean; we need the capabilities of all maintainers. The downsizing craze, however, has left everyone in a managerial role with too many tasks and too little time. There's no one left to cut costs!
One of the most rewarding aspects of working as an electrician is taking such compelling evidence as “appears to be developing a problem,” determining what is actually going on, and making a sound decision on the correct course of action. Successfully troubleshooting a complex piece of equipment gives a technician a tremendous sense of satisfaction. Having an effective troubleshooting plan and following it can help obtain this feeling of satisfaction.
One of the most rewarding aspects of working as an electrician is taking such compelling evidence as “appears to be developing a problem,” determining what is actually going on, and making a sound decision on the correct course of action. Successfully troubleshooting a complex piece of equipment gives a technician a tremendous sense of satisfaction. Having an effective troubleshooting plan and following it can help obtain this feeling of satisfaction.
Root Cause Analysis (RCA) is rapidly becoming another one of those “flavour of the month” TLAs (Three Letter Acronyms). Like all TLAs, it is easy to get carried away with the hype surrounding the approach. Inevitably, then, the reality doesn’t live up to the expectations created by the hype. But nevertheless, the appropriate application of Root Cause Analysis techniques can yield significant organisational and individual benefits. This paper discusses some of the practical issues surrounding the implementation of Root Cause Analysis processes within organisations, and in doing so, attempts to give some guidance to those wishing to obtain success from their Root Cause Analysis program.
Root Cause Analysis (RCA) is rapidly becoming another one of those “flavour of the month” TLAs (Three Letter Acronyms). Like all TLAs, it is easy to get carried away with the hype surrounding the approach. Inevitably, then, the reality doesn’t live up to the expectations created by the hype. But nevertheless, the appropriate application of Root Cause Analysis techniques can yield significant organisational and individual benefits. This paper discusses some of the practical issues surrounding the implementation of Root Cause Analysis processes within organisations, and in doing so, attempts to give some guidance to those wishing to obtain success from their Root Cause Analysis program.
Organizations should have a clear work description of what a planner’s role is. The role may vary between organizations, mainly due to plant size. Some organizations have combined planners/supervisors. Some have dedicated planners for shutdowns/turnarounds. Many have people with a planner’s title, but no planning. So, how do we figure out a planner’s role?
Organizations should have a clear work description of what a planner’s role is. The role may vary between organizations, mainly due to plant size. Some organizations have combined planners/supervisors. Some have dedicated planners for shutdowns/turnarounds. Many have people with a planner’s title, but no planning. So, how do we figure out a planner’s role?
Underground mining operations, similar to many industrial enterprises, have long recognized the potential benefits of maintenance planning. However, underground mining operations’ efforts to implement maintenance planning have generally met with little success. One finds that after an initial period of enthusiastic support implemented systems and procedures fall to disuse. Most companies, upon the collapse of their maintenance planning, convince themselves that underground mining is so "unique" that to accurately plan, schedule and measure maintenance work is impractical.
Underground mining operations, similar to many industrial enterprises, have long recognized the potential benefits of maintenance planning. However, underground mining operations’ efforts to implement maintenance planning have generally met with little success. One finds that after an initial period of enthusiastic support implemented systems and procedures fall to disuse. Most companies, upon the collapse of their maintenance planning, convince themselves that underground mining is so "unique" that to accurately plan, schedule and measure maintenance work is impractical.
During Academy of Infrared Training courses, we see many students who have purchased an infrared camera that is not suited for their intended use. These students have put their trust in a camera salesperson, and, many times, that salesperson was solely interested making a sale. Later, these students are disappointed to find out that the camera is not truly suited for their application. This article aims to help the camera buyer understand what basic camera specifications mean, and also help them determine what type of camera and options are suitable for their application. If you note your answers to questions throughout this article, by the end you should have a custom list of applicable specifications and options.
During Academy of Infrared Training courses, we see many students who have purchased an infrared camera that is not suited for their intended use. These students have put their trust in a camera salesperson, and, many times, that salesperson was solely interested making a sale. Later, these students are disappointed to find out that the camera is not truly suited for their application. This article aims to help the camera buyer understand what basic camera specifications mean, and also help them determine what type of camera and options are suitable for their application. If you note your answers to questions throughout this article, by the end you should have a custom list of applicable specifications and options.
Industry spends millions of dollars each year on improved filtration technology in an attempt to reduce particle contamination, with some of the more advanced companies reducing failure rates by up to 90 percent simply by controlling fluid cleanliness. However, in some industries and environments, water is a far more insidious contaminant than solid particles. Water contamination is often overlooked as the primary cause of component failure.
Industry spends millions of dollars each year on improved filtration technology in an attempt to reduce particle contamination, with some of the more advanced companies reducing failure rates by up to 90 percent simply by controlling fluid cleanliness. However, in some industries and environments, water is a far more insidious contaminant than solid particles. Water contamination is often overlooked as the primary cause of component failure.
There are three major types of tools for finding bearing defects using vibration techniques. Which of the tools should you chose for inspections of bearings? The best solution is often a combination of two or three of the tools, but it depends very much on how much rotating equipment you have in your plant, the criticality of that equipment, the speed of your rotating equipment, and how perceptive your organization is to training. A short description of the three techniques follows.
There are three major types of tools for finding bearing defects using vibration techniques. Which of the tools should you chose for inspections of bearings? The best solution is often a combination of two or three of the tools, but it depends very much on how much rotating equipment you have in your plant, the criticality of that equipment, the speed of your rotating equipment, and how perceptive your organization is to training. A short description of the three techniques follows.
SPM Instrument AB, Sweden, launches a brand new diagnostic method in connection with Leonova™, a hand-held machine condition analyzer. Called the SPM Spectrum™, it is the result of an FFT on the time signal recorded with an SPM shock pulse transducer from a rolling element bearing. The individual bearing frequencies (BPI, BPO, 2*B2 and FT) and their harmonics are highlighted in the spectrum. This is displayed together with the measured shock value and a light signal, green, yellow or red that shows the result of bearing condition evaluation.
SPM Instrument AB, Sweden, launches a brand new diagnostic method in connection with Leonova™, a hand-held machine condition analyzer. Called the SPM Spectrum™, it is the result of an FFT on the time signal recorded with an SPM shock pulse transducer from a rolling element bearing. The individual bearing frequencies (BPI, BPO, 2*B2 and FT) and their harmonics are highlighted in the spectrum. This is displayed together with the measured shock value and a light signal, green, yellow or red that shows the result of bearing condition evaluation.
It is not necessary to totally restructure maintenance practices. A plant can start small and expand the use of process floor information as needs dictate and budgets allow. The key is to begin building a database from the smart devices now in operation and expand the use of the available information as the number of such devices grows. A scalable and expandable platform can grow into a plantwide system that supports the reliability and maintainability of all field instrumentation.
It is not necessary to totally restructure maintenance practices. A plant can start small and expand the use of process floor information as needs dictate and budgets allow. The key is to begin building a database from the smart devices now in operation and expand the use of the available information as the number of such devices grows. A scalable and expandable platform can grow into a plantwide system that supports the reliability and maintainability of all field instrumentation.
Before bearings, valves and other mechanical parts fail, they usually scream for help. But their piercing wails usually fall on deaf ears because the sound frequencies are far too high for humans to hear. No wonder deteriorating components may go undetected until they break down completely. Now, however, a variety of tools using ultrasonic technology—ultrasound, as it is commonly known—are helping companies in a wide range of industries avoid wasteful replacements or costly breakdowns.
Before bearings, valves and other mechanical parts fail, they usually scream for help. But their piercing wails usually fall on deaf ears because the sound frequencies are far too high for humans to hear. No wonder deteriorating components may go undetected until they break down completely. Now, however, a variety of tools using ultrasonic technology—ultrasound, as it is commonly known—are helping companies in a wide range of industries avoid wasteful replacements or costly breakdowns.
Manually greasing a bearing is another act that, at least on the surface, appears to be purely physical. One grabs the grease gun, pumps it full of grease or installs a cartridge, goes to the machine, attaches the gun to the grease fitting and pumps the lever to deliver grease - right? Regrettably, this is too often the case. When the act of greasing a bearing is viewed as a purely physical task, the plant has little chance of developing a world-class machinery lubrication program that delivers machine reliability, profits and competitive advantage.
Manually greasing a bearing is another act that, at least on the surface, appears to be purely physical. One grabs the grease gun, pumps it full of grease or installs a cartridge, goes to the machine, attaches the gun to the grease fitting and pumps the lever to deliver grease - right? Regrettably, this is too often the case. When the act of greasing a bearing is viewed as a purely physical task, the plant has little chance of developing a world-class machinery lubrication program that delivers machine reliability, profits and competitive advantage.
Who is to blame when a defect occurs? Is it the supplier who was contracted to produce a key component or supply materials, or is it the customer organization that created the specs and produced the final product? As more companies outsource parts of production and develop closer partnerships with key suppliers, finding blame can topple the delicate balance in even the best customer-supplier relationship.
Who is to blame when a defect occurs? Is it the supplier who was contracted to produce a key component or supply materials, or is it the customer organization that created the specs and produced the final product? As more companies outsource parts of production and develop closer partnerships with key suppliers, finding blame can topple the delicate balance in even the best customer-supplier relationship.
When a bearing in a critical piece of equipment fails prematurely, a maintenance specialist knows the failure usually indicates there is more here than meets the eye. What the untutored eye sees is a failed bearing and little more. However, a premature bearing failure is symptomatic of other problems that, if left untreated, will cause the same kind of failure to occur again.
When a bearing in a critical piece of equipment fails prematurely, a maintenance specialist knows the failure usually indicates there is more here than meets the eye. What the untutored eye sees is a failed bearing and little more. However, a premature bearing failure is symptomatic of other problems that, if left untreated, will cause the same kind of failure to occur again.
I am from an automotive parts supplier in mid-western United States. Implementing TPM in a company is not easy. The philosophies of TPM are not that difficult to understand but are a some what difficult task to implement.
I am from an automotive parts supplier in mid-western United States. Implementing TPM in a company is not easy. The philosophies of TPM are not that difficult to understand but are a some what difficult task to implement.
After a couple of decades of testing, Lean business practices are now widely accepted as a major contributor to extraordinary customer service and profitable operations. But with this acceptance has come a new leveling of the playing field in many industries. The preemptive competitive advantages enjoyed by early Lean adopters have dissipated as more and more companies are “converted” to techniques that reduce waste and slash lead times. We have also come to the realization that only the most effective operations can position a company to compete with competitors who source off shore to suppliers in low cost labor markets.
After a couple of decades of testing, Lean business practices are now widely accepted as a major contributor to extraordinary customer service and profitable operations. But with this acceptance has come a new leveling of the playing field in many industries. The preemptive competitive advantages enjoyed by early Lean adopters have dissipated as more and more companies are “converted” to techniques that reduce waste and slash lead times. We have also come to the realization that only the most effective operations can position a company to compete with competitors who source off shore to suppliers in low cost labor markets.
The American Petroleum Institute (API) issues guide lines to help petroleum people select and then pipe various types of controls for mechanical sealing applications. These piping arrangements are described in a series of plans issued by the API. Although 17 plans are described, only a few are really needed. Any time you have 17 choices there is bound to be some confusion. In the following paragraphs I will describe those API plans that I use on a regular basis, where I use these plans and, in the process, hopefully simplify your selection decisions.
The American Petroleum Institute (API) issues guide lines to help petroleum people select and then pipe various types of controls for mechanical sealing applications. These piping arrangements are described in a series of plans issued by the API. Although 17 plans are described, only a few are really needed. Any time you have 17 choices there is bound to be some confusion. In the following paragraphs I will describe those API plans that I use on a regular basis, where I use these plans and, in the process, hopefully simplify your selection decisions.
Bearing repair is not a new concept, nor has it changed a great deal over the years — and that's good news. Repairing damaged bearings is a precise science that has been fine-tuned over time through careful and gradual enhancements to provide superior results.
Bearing repair is not a new concept, nor has it changed a great deal over the years — and that's good news. Repairing damaged bearings is a precise science that has been fine-tuned over time through careful and gradual enhancements to provide superior results.
Good indoor air quality (IAQ) depends on a number of factors, including effective filtration, which provides the primary defense for building occupants and HVAC (Heating, Ventilating and Air Conditioning) equipment against particular pollutants. Today's higher standards in filtration, coupled with rigorous attention paid to HVAC filter selection, helps to produce cleaner, purer air and reduce IAQ-related problems.
Good indoor air quality (IAQ) depends on a number of factors, including effective filtration, which provides the primary defense for building occupants and HVAC (Heating, Ventilating and Air Conditioning) equipment against particular pollutants. Today's higher standards in filtration, coupled with rigorous attention paid to HVAC filter selection, helps to produce cleaner, purer air and reduce IAQ-related problems.
Contaminants of hydraulic fluid include solid particles, air, water or any other matter that impairs the function of the fluid. Particle contamination accelerates the wear of hydraulic components. The rate at which damage occurs is dependent on the internal clearance of the components within the system, the size, the quantity of particles present in the fluid, and the system pressure.
Contaminants of hydraulic fluid include solid particles, air, water or any other matter that impairs the function of the fluid. Particle contamination accelerates the wear of hydraulic components. The rate at which damage occurs is dependent on the internal clearance of the components within the system, the size, the quantity of particles present in the fluid, and the system pressure.
One of the most pervasive trends in fluid handling today is that of miniaturization. The call for smaller and smaller flow control devices is evident across the industry. Regarding hydraulic and pneumatic components specifically, the extraordinary mass-to-power and mass-to-response features of such technologies are enabling miniaturization.1 But as hydraulic and pneumatic devices continue to go mini, the manufacturing process has become more finite and certain design vulnerabilities have become more pronounced.
One of the most pervasive trends in fluid handling today is that of miniaturization. The call for smaller and smaller flow control devices is evident across the industry. Regarding hydraulic and pneumatic components specifically, the extraordinary mass-to-power and mass-to-response features of such technologies are enabling miniaturization.1 But as hydraulic and pneumatic devices continue to go mini, the manufacturing process has become more finite and certain design vulnerabilities have become more pronounced.
